Simple Past

Besides the 'ed' that commonly marks the past, the following marks may also indicate that a verb is in the past(irregular verbs)

Grouping irregular verbs

*Some verbs don't change
E.g. cut/cut
hit/hit

*Others change and we can see some paterns(pt.padrões)

* Some change 'i' to 'o'
E.g., Drive/drove

*Some change from 'ow' to 'ew'
E.g., Know/Knew

*Some change from 'i' to 'a'
E.g. begin/began

*Some verbs change and add a 't' at the end
E.g. feel/ felt
sleep/slept
*Some end in 'ught'
E.g., bing/brought
catch/caught

Other marks of the past are 'yesterday', 'last','ago'...

Spelling rules for regular verbs

*Verb ends in a consonant: Add -ed.
E.g., return/returned, help/helped

*Verb ends in -e: Add -d
E.g.,live/lived, create/created

*One-sylables words that not ends in -w, -x, or y: Double the last consonant and add -ed
E.g., hop/hopped, rub/rubbed, bow/bowed(pt./bau/.reverenciar), play/played

*Words of two or more syllables that end in CVC combination: double the last consonant only if the last sylable is stressed
E.g, prefer/preferred, visit/visited

*Verb ends in a consonant + y: Change the -y to -i and add -ed
E.g. Worry/worried , copy/copied

*if the verb ends in a vowel +y, add -ed
E. g. Play/played , annoy (incomodar)/annoyed
Exception: pay/paid, lay/laid, say/said (Irregular verbs)

(Nem todos os verbos irregulares estão contidos nos grupos e execeções apresentados acima porém essas regras facilitam a leitura)